Bulletin of the National Speleological Society - ISSN 0146-9517
Number 18: 46-49 - December 1956

A publication of the National Speleological Society

Seven Principles of Effective Expedition Organization
Philip M. Smith

Abstract

From other fields of exploration - mountain climbing, undersea research, polar expeditions - we can learn organizational techniques directly applicable to speleological exploration. Cooperative leadership with a simplified organizational structure is recommended. Versatile men and equipment should be employed. Communications need refining, as well as personal standards of excellence in technique and comfort. The principles are a firm foundation for planning large or small trips underground.

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